Types de fraises: Types courants et comment choisir

Milling cutter types vary by shape, cutting edge design, nombre de flûtes, revêtement, et objectif d'usinage. Each cutter type is designed for a different CNC milling operation, such as slotting, facing, profilage, 3Contournage en D, ébauche, finition, or thread machining.

Choosing the right milling cutter type is important for tool life, état de surface, chip removal, et stabilité d'usinage. Par exemple, an end mill cutter is commonly used for slotting and profiling, while a ball nose end mill is better for curved surfaces and mold cavities.

Donc, this guide explains common types of milling cutters, their uses, and how to choose the right cutter type for different CNC machining applications.

What Are Milling Cutter Types?

Milling cutter types refer to different cutter designs used for different machining tasks. Some cutters remove material quickly. Some create flat surfaces. Others machine slots, threads, surfaces courbes, or special profiles.

En usinage CNC, the cutter type should match the operation, matériau de la pièce à usiner, rigidité de la machine, et exigence de surface. A wrong cutter type may cause poor surface finish, vibration, chip clogging, ou durée de vie courte.

For a general introduction, vous pouvez également lire notre guide de fraise.

Common Milling Cutter Types and Uses

The table below shows common milling cutter types and their main uses. It is useful for buyers, engineers, and machinists who want to compare different cutter options before choosing a tool.

For a broader range of tool options, voir Fraises CNC.

Main Types of Milling Cutters

Fraise en bout

An end mill cutter is one of the most common milling cutter types. It can cut from the side and the end of the tool, so it is suitable for slotting, profilage, fraisage de poche, contouring, et fraisage d'épaulements.

End mills come in different flute counts, revêtements, longueurs, and carbide grades. Par exemple, 2 flute end mills are often used for aluminum because they provide more chip space. En revanche, 4 flute end mills are often used for steel because they offer better rigidity and cutting stability.

For general CNC milling, voir notre Fraise en bout.

Fraise à bout sphérique

A ball nose end mill has a round cutting tip. This cutter type is used for 3D contouring, surfaces courbes, cavités de moule, die machining, and precision finishing.

Compared with a flat end mill, a ball nose cutter can follow curved tool paths more smoothly. Cependant, it is not the best choice for sharp inside corners because the cutting tip is round.

For mold machining and curved surfaces, choose fraises à bout sphérique.

Fraise à nez arrondi

A bull nose end mill is also called a corner radius end mill. It has a small radius on the cutting corner. This design improves corner strength and reduces chipping during machining.

Bull nose end mills are useful for semi-finishing, rough finishing, and machining materials such as steel and stainless steel. They are a good choice when a sharp square corner is not required, but stronger tool corners are needed.

For semi-finishing and stronger corners, voir fraise à nez arrondi.

Coupe-rainure en T

A T-slot cutter machines T-shaped slots and undercuts. These slots are common in machine tables, luminaires, moules, and clamping systems.

Généralement, an end mill first opens a straight slot. Alors, the T-slot cutter creates the wider undercut shape. This process helps reduce tool load and improves machining stability.

For T-slot and undercut machining, use a Fraise à rainure en T.

Fraise latérale

A side milling cutter cuts grooves, machines à sous, et surfaces latérales. It removes material from the side of the workpiece and works well for wider grooves or vertical side cutting.

This cutter type is often used in general machinery, fixture parts, composants de moule, and metalworking applications. Cependant, the setup must be stable because side cutting can create higher cutting forces.

For groove and side surface machining, voir side milling cutter.

Fraise de surfaçage

A face milling cutter is used to machine flat surfaces. It is often used for large surfaces, machine bases, mold plates, plaques de fixation, and metal blocks.

Compared with a small end mill, a face milling cutter can cover a wider cutting area. Donc, it is suitable when the workpiece needs a clean, flat, and consistent surface before the next machining step.

Face milling cutters are useful when the workpiece needs a clean, flat, and consistent surface before the next machining step.

Fraise à fileter

A thread milling cutter machines internal or external threads on CNC machines. It can be useful when the part needs accurate threads, different thread sizes, or better control than traditional tapping.

Thread milling also helps reduce the risk of tap breakage in some difficult materials. Cependant, it requires proper CNC programming and a stable machining setup.

Thread milling is useful for precision thread machining, but it requires proper CNC programming and a stable machining setup.

Fraise d'ébauche

A roughing end mill is designed for fast material removal. It usually has a special cutting edge design that breaks chips into smaller pieces and reduces cutting pressure.

This cutter type is often used before finishing. It removes extra material quickly and prepares the part for a smoother final surface. Cependant, roughing end mills are not usually used when the final surface finish is the main requirement.

Roughing end mills are suitable for fast stock removal before finishing, especially when machining efficiency is more important than final surface quality.

Diamond-Coated End Mill

Diamond-coated end mills are used for graphite, CFRP, composites, and other abrasive materials. These materials can wear normal cutting edges quickly, so coating selection is very important.

Diamond coating can improve wear resistance and help extend tool life in graphite machining. Cependant, the tool should still match the workpiece material, cutting parameters, et état de la machine.

For graphite and abrasive materials, choose diamond-coated end mills.

How to Choose Milling Cutter Types by Operation

Different machining operations need different cutter types. Donc, you should choose the cutter based on the cutting task first.

Cutter Type for Slotting

End mill cutters are usually the most common choice for slotting. In aluminum machining, un 2 fraise à cannelure often works well because it provides more chip space.

When cutting steel slots, machinists may choose a 2 flûte ou 4 flute tool depending on slot depth, coolant, et rigidité de la machine.

Cutter Type for Steel Machining

L'acier a besoin d'arêtes de coupe plus solides et d'une meilleure rigidité des outils. Pour cette raison, un 4 fraise à cannelure is often used for general steel milling, profilage, and side milling.

En outre, coated carbide tools can improve heat resistance and tool life.

Cutter Type for Finishing

Finishing requires stable cutting and better surface quality. Donc, many machinists choose 4 flûte ou 6 fraise à cannelure tools when chip evacuation is not a major problem.

A higher flute count can improve surface finish, but the tool must match the machine rigidity and cutting parameters.

How to Choose Milling Cutter Types by Material

Workpiece material also affects cutter selection. A cutter type that works well for aluminum may not work well for stainless steel or graphite.

When choosing a cutter type, do not only compare price. Plutôt, vérifier le matériau de la pièce à usiner, profondeur de coupe, tool length, revêtement, nombre de flûtes, et exigence de finition de surface.

For high-performance carbide tools, voir Fraise en carbure de bois.

Milling Cutter Types Selection Checklist

Before choosing a milling cutter type, check these points:

In short, the best milling cutter type depends on both the material and the machining operation. A suitable cutter can reduce tool wear, improve surface finish, and make CNC milling more stable.

FAQ About Milling Cutter Types

What are the main types of milling cutters?

Common milling cutter types include end mill cutters, fraises à bout sphérique, bull nose end mills, Fraises à rainure en T, side milling cutters, face milling cutters, thread milling cutters, fraises d'ébauche, and diamond-coated end mills.

What is the most common milling cutter type?

The end mill cutter is one of the most common milling cutter types. Il est largement utilisé pour le rainurage, profilage, fraisage de poche, fraisage d'épaulements, and general CNC machining.

Pour les applications générales de fraisage, voir Fraise en bout.

Which milling cutter type is used for slots?

End mill cutters are commonly used for straight slots. For T-shaped slots, a T-slot cutter is used after the first straight slot is opened.

For special slot machining, voir Fraise à rainure en T.

Which milling cutter type is used for curved surfaces?

Ball nose end mills are used for curved surfaces, cavités de moule, 3Contournage en D, and die machining. Their round tip can follow complex tool paths and create smooth curved surfaces.

For 3D surface machining, choose fraises à bout sphérique.

Which milling cutter type is used for flat surfaces?

Face milling cutters are often used for large flat surfaces. End mills can also machine smaller flat areas when more flexible tool movement is needed.

How do I choose the right milling cutter type?

D'abord, confirm the machining operation. Alors, vérifier le matériau de la pièce à usiner, required surface finish, profondeur de coupe, rigidité de la machine, revêtement, nombre de flûtes, and tool size. If the job involves abrasive materials such as graphite, diamond-coated tools may be a better choice.

Conclusion

Milling cutter types include end mill cutters, fraises à bout sphérique, bull nose end mills, Fraises à rainure en T, side milling cutters, face milling cutters, thread milling cutters, fraises d'ébauche, and diamond-coated end mills. Each cutter type has a different function, so the right choice depends on the machining operation, matériel, état de la machine, et exigence de surface.

For general CNC milling, many factories start with an Fraise en bout because it is suitable for slotting, profilage, et fraisage de poches.

A wider product range is available in our Fraises CNC.

Graphite and abrasive materials usually need diamond-coated end mills for better wear resistance and longer tool life.